Mold, mildew and bacteria are all biological pollutants. Some of these elements are in every home. It is impossible to rid your home of all of them. Your goal should be to recognize the causes and signs of these pollutants and to minimize or eliminate their entry or stay in your home.

All of us are exposed to these biological pollutants. However, their effects on our health depend upon the type and amount of the pollutants present. Some people do not experience any adverse health reactions from certain pollutants while others may react modestly or worse. Both ends of the age spectrum from elderly to newborn are more apt to react as well as those with compromised immune systems or respiratory problems.

Before we look into ways of controlling these biological pollutants, let's discuss exactly what we are dealing with. Mold and mildew are one-cell plant-like organisms that are of the Genus Fungi, microorganisms which lack chlorophyll and vascular tissue. The kingdom includes the yeasts, molds, mildew and mushrooms. There are differences between mold and mildew, but the concerns are similar.

Mold grows from spores which are everywhere in our environment. Usually these spores are inactive but will germinate when the relative humidity exceeds 60 percent. Mold attacks organic materials such as paper, books, cloth, photographs and leather. Mildew is more a surface concern, growing on walls, siding and other surfaces covered with a film of dirt containing organic matter and exposed to moisture. Temperatures above 65°F increase the likelihood of mold or mildew. Signs of mold and mildew include growths, discolored surfaces and odors. Houses with poor ventilation and high humidity are especially susceptible to biological pollutants.

Bacteria are also microorganisms that contaminate air conditioning systems or other moisture-laden areas. Their growth account for most of the slime that can clog drain pans and drain lines. These in turn lead to the development of mold. Bacteria create the initial tacky coating on heat transfer surfaces that catch and hold dust and fibers which can eventually lead to clogged coil passages.

There are no simple, inexpensive methods of uncovering fungi or bacteria conditions in a home. Once a biological pollution condition is discovered, there are means to identify its cause and to eliminate it. Certain catastrophic events, such as flooding or serious water intrusion, are certain to quickly cause mold conditions unless prompt remedial action is initiated.

The scope of a home inspection does not include investigation or identification of any environmental concerns including mold, mildew and bacteria. If there are any above normal concerns about the presence of molds, due to personal health reasons or other factors, an environmental testing specialist should be consulted for information on available services.